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The State Capitol. 



RICHMOND, YA. 



A GUIDE 



TO AND 



Description of its Principal Places 



AND 



OBJECTS OF INTEREST. 



By Daniel Murphy. 



J. W. RANDOLPH & ENGLISH: 

Nos. 1302 and 1304 Main Street, Richmond, Virginia. 

18 8 1. 



3-i 



,1 Um 



Q-TJIIDIE BOOK. 



Richmond : 

Situated on the James river, at the head of navi- 
gation,, in Henrico county, 120 miles from the open 
sea and about 90 miles from Hampton Roads, is the 
county seat, and also the capital of the State of 
Virginia. It is approached, in addition to the river 
course, by several important railroads— namely : 
Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, 
from the North ; Richmond and Petersburg Rail- 
road, from the South \ Chesapeake and Ohio, and 
Richmond and Alleghany, from the West ; Rich- 
mond and York River Railroad, from the East ; and 
Richmond and Danville Railroad, from the South- 
west. The city is remarkably healthy and exempt 
from malarial and climatic diseases. Its eleva- 
tion above the level of the sea is 211 feet at the 
highest point in the city — corner of Lombardy and 
Hanover streets. Latitude, 37 deg., 32 min., and 
17 seconds, north; longitude, 77 deg., 27 minutes, 
and 28 seconds, west. 

Being built upon several hills, nature provides 
ample drainage. Copious rains wash the streets as 



4 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

clean as if they had been swept and scrubbed by 
the hand of man. Nevertheless, sewers are con- 
structed in the principal streets, after the latest and 
most approved plans. 

Early History. 

The origin of the city is succinctly given in the 
following few lines from the " Westover Manu- 
scripts." written by Col. William Byrd of Westover, 
in 1733, by whom it was founded : 

" Sept. 19, 1733. — When we got home we laid the 
foundation of two large cities, one at Shacco's, to be 
called Richmond, and the other at the falls of Appo- 
mattox river, to be named Petersburg. These Maj. 
Mayo offered to lay out into lots without fee or re- 
ward. The truth of it is, these two places being the 
uppermost landing of James and Appomattox riv- 
ers, are naturally intended for marts where the traffic 
of the outer inhabitants must centre. Thus we did 
not build castles only, but also cities in the air." 

"An act establishing the town of Richmond, in 
the county of Henrico, and allowing Fairs to be 
held therein, on the lands of Wm. Byrd, Esq., at 
the Falls of James river," was passed by the As- 
sembly of Virginia in the year 1742. 

At that time nearly all that portion of the city 
west of Shockoe's creek was little else than rugged 
hills and forests. 

" An act for the removal of the seat of govern- 
ment " to the town of Richmond, was passed in 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 5 

1779. By a section in this law its limits were en- 
larged by the addition of two hundred lots, or one 
hundred acres. 

The Capitol was located on Shockoe Hill in pur- 
suance of an act passed in 1780, entitled "an act 
for locating the public squares, to enlarge the town, 
and for other purposes;" also Halls of Justice, 
State House for Executive Boards, and a house for 
the Governor. By the same act a Public Market 
below the hill, on the same side of the creek, was 
authorized to be located. This is what is now called 
the Old or First Market. 

Manufactures. 

The profits realized by manufacturers during the 
past two years have been generally satisfactory, so 
much so that increased capital is being invested, and 
preparations are being made for the enlargement of 
various mechanical industries. During 1880, ac- 
cording to the statistics in the New Year's edition of 
the Richmond Dispatch, 137 new manufacturing 
establishments were put in operation, making the 
whole number at the commencement of 1881, 
702. The comparatively low price of money and 
the great demand for their products induced them 
to employ $1,869,724 more capital, increasing the 
total capital invested in manufactories to $8,692,- 
626. These busy workshops have given steady 



6 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

employment to 16.932 hands, being 2,739 m ° r e 
than in 1879. The sales of 1880 amounted to 
$24,704,892, an increase of $1,218,243 over tne 
previous year. 

Most of the manufacturers are generally full of 
orders, and a constant extension of trade is being 
pushed in every direction. New enterprises in the 
industrial arts spring up on all sides, and the future 
has a bright and cheerful prospect of still greater 
progress. The remunerative returns to capital thus 
employed, the large amount of surplus money seek- 
ing investment, the extension of trade relations by 
the improved facilities furnished in extensive rail- 
road connections south and west, and the develop- 
ment of the inexhaustible mineral wealth of the 
James River Valley on the completion of the Rich- 
mond and Alleghany Railroad, are the favorable 
conditions which combine for building up here in 
the early future a great manufacturing centre. 
Energetic and enterprising men should hasten to 
take advantage of them and reap the golden har- 
vest in store for well-directed labor in this depart- 
ment. As a shipping point Richmond has few 
equals as an inland city. 

Wages of employes generally are satisfactory, and 
the number of hands unemployed is smaller than 
at any previous period since the war. Good me- 
chanics find situations without difficulty. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 7 

The manufacture of Tobacco, in various forms, 
is the chief industry of Richmond, and chewing 
tobacco is perhaps more largely manufactured here 
than in any other city of the world. The total 
stamp tax on tobacco, cigars and cigarettes for the 
year 1880 amounted to $1,984,838.68. Number 
of pounds manufactured in 1880 for export, 3,900,- 
000; cigars, 64,300; cigarettes, 19,280,000. The 
number of establishments is 87. The modes of 
manufacturing and transporting tobacco have 
changed very much since the early part of the cen- 
tury, when the cask containing it was actually rolled 
to market on its own periphery, through mud and 
stream. A long wooden spike driven into the cen- 
tre of each end, and projecting a few inches be- 
yond it, served for an axletree, a split sapling was 
fitted to it for shafts, and extended in rear of the 
cask, they were there connected by a hickory withe; 
a few slabs were nailed to these, in front of the 
cask, forming a sort of foot-board, or box, in which 
were stowed a middling or two of bacon, a bag of 
meal, a frying-pan, a hoe, an axe and a blanket, for 
the bipeds ; the whole covered to some height with 
fodder for the quadrupeds. 

Strangers will find a visit to the tobacco factories, 
where thousands of the " nation's wards " are en- 
gaged in manipulating the weed, to be of pleasure- 
able interest, and will well repay the trouble. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 



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10 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

Water Power and Water Works. 

The city has an available water power from the 
James river, embraced within a distance of three 
miles and including about one mile of the corpo- 
rate limits, of 15,889 effective horse power in an 
average flow of the river, and of 8,476 effective 
horse power in a season of greatest drought. The 
total fall of the river in this distance of three miles 
is 84 feet, and in the next 6J miles beyond, 
the fall is 30 feet. This power is but partially used. 
On the south side of the river, the cotton, flour and 
other mills of Manchester, and Nail Works of the 
Old Dominion Company, and on the north side, 
within the corporate limits, the flour mills of Hax- 
all, Crenshaw & Co. and of the Gallego Company, 
the Paper Mill Company, the Tredegar Iron Works, 
and the City Water Works, are all operated from 
this power. 

The city is supplied with water from the James 
river by pumping into reservoirs, from which it is 
distributed to the city through an upper and lower 
system of service pipes. Seven breast-wheels, each 
operating one pump, one Jouval Turbine wheel ope- 
rating two pumps, and a small Guild & Garrison 
steam pump, furnish a maximum pumpage of 
7,500,000 gallons water daily. Two reservoirs — 
one of about 8 s ooo,ooo gallons capacity, 170 feet 
above the pumps and 211 feet above mean tide, 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 11 

the other of 40,000,000 gallons capacity, 207 feet 
above the pumps and 247 feet above tide — divide 
the distribution, supplying about 6,000,000 gallons 
daily to a population of 65,000. The city is now 
constructing water power pumps of greater capaci- 
ty above the city, at the upper end of the first 84- 
feet fall, which will utilize the power from the next 
fall above. These works will, without diminishing 
the available water power below, furnish a daily 
pumpage of 12,000,000 gallons, and enable an ad- 
ditional pumpage of 18,000,000 to be made from 
the same works in the future by introducing more 
machinery. 

Population. 

In 1800, the population was 5,737; in 1820, 12,- 
607; in 1840, 21,000; in i860, 37,910; in 1870, 
51,000; in 1880, 65,000. 

For the cultivation and refinement of its society, 
together with the generous and cordial hospitality 
of its inhabitants generally, no city can lay claim 
stronger than Richmond. 

The Capitol 

Is located on what might be called the brow of 
Shockoe Hill, surrounded by a beautiful park, con- 
taining four fountains, and other objects of interest. 
Squirrels — which are quite tame and readily ap- 
proach the passers-by and even jump upon them 



12 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

in quest of nuts, frequently given to them by those 
who habitually pass through the grounds — birds, 
etc., excite a pleasing interest to visitors. The 
grounds are between Ninth and Thirteenth streets, 
on the west and east, and Capitol and Bank streets 
on the north and south. The building is fashioned 
after the celebrated Maison Carree of Nismes, in 
France, with slight variation, selected by Thos. Jef- 
ferson. It was completed in 1792, and the descrip- 
tion given of it by those who saw it during its early 
years is far from nattering. It was rough and un- 
sightly, and was not stuccoed and otherwise put in 
its present condition till long afterwards. The 
front bears a striking resemblance in architecture 
to the beautiful church of La Madeleine, in Paris. 
Foundation laid August 18, 1785. 

The Basement is used for the accommodation of 
the First and Second Auditors, State Treasurer, 
Register of the Land Office, Capitol Engineer, 
Janitor, &c. 

The Rotunda, on the floor above the basement, 
contains Houdon's Statue of George Washington, 
universally conceded to be the finest likeness ex- 
tant of the Father of His Country. In pursuance 
of an order of the General Assembly, shortly after 
the Revolution, it was made at Paris under the su- 
pervision of Thomas Jefferson. The costume is 
the old Continental uniform of '76. On the pe- 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 13 

destal is the following inscription, written by James 
Madison : 

GEORGE WASHINGTON. 

The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of 
Virginia have caused this statue to be erected as a 
monument of affection and gratitude to George 
Washington ; who, uniting to the endowments of 
the hero the virtues of the patriot, and exerting 
both in establishing the liberties of his country, 
has rendered his name dear to his fellow-citizens, 
and has given the world an immortal example of 
true glory. Done in the year of Christ, one thou- 
sand seven hundred and eighty-eight, and in the 
year of the Commonwealth the twelfth. 

A bust of Lafayette, by Houdon, may also be 
seen here. 

The Halls of the General Assembly are ap- 
proached from this rotunda, that of the House of 
Delegates being on the north and the Senate on the 
south. Portraits of many distinguished Virginians 
of the past adorn their walls. 

In the Hall of the House of Delegates is the 
Speaker's Chair used in the Colonial House of 
Burgesses, once ornamented with the royal arms of 
England, and now occupied by the Speaker of the 
House of Delegates. 

The Congress of the Confederate States met for 
several years during the war in this building. 

On the floor above the rotunda are located the 
offices of the Governor, Secretary of the Com- 



14 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

monwealth, Adjutant General, Superintendent of 
Public Printing, and the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction ; also the State Library. 

An appalling disaster happened in the Capitol 
building on the 27th of April, 1870, caused by the 
falling through of the floor in the room occupied 
by the Court of Appeals of Virginia, resulting in 
the death of sixty- five and wounding of two nun 
dred persons, among them some of the most promi- 
nent citizens of the State and city. 

From the dome of the Capitol one of the most 
enchanting views may be enjoyed of the country 
for miles around. It will well repay the trouble of 
ascending. 

The Washington Monument. 

One of the most interesting objects in the Capi- 
tol grounds is the Washington Monument, sur- 
mounted by an immense equestrian statue of the 
Father of His Country. It was erected in com- 
pliance with an act of Assembly passed February 
22, 1849, during the Gubernatorial term of John 
B. Floyd. It is surrounded on pedestals below by 
statues of Jefferson, Henry, Mason, Marshall, 
Lewis, and Nelson. The corner-stone was laid on 
the 22nd of February, 1850. The design was by 
Thomas Crawford, of Rome, to whom the premium 
of $500 for the best model was awarded. Craw- 
ford dying in London before the finishing of the 



RICHMOND G UIDE B OOK. 15 

work, a contract was entered into with Randolph 
Rogers, of New York, for its completion. * The 
allegorical figures were not all received and placed 
in position until 1868, when the monument was 
completed. They represent respectively Finance, 
Colonial Times, Justice, Revolution, Indepen- 
dence, Bill of Rights. 

Statue of Stonewall Jackson. 

A few feet north of the Capitol, on a base of 
beautiful granite, stands a bronze statue of the 
immortal Stonewall Jackson. It is after a model 
by Foley, and was presented to the State by an 
association of Englishmen. 

Statue of Henry Clay. 

A marble statue of the " Sage of Ashland " 
stands a short distance west of the Capitol. It is 
somewhat mutilated, two of the fingers of the right 
hand having been broken off by thoughtless per- 
sons shortly after the fail of Richmond. 

The Governor's House 

Is on the northeast corner of the Capitol Square. 
It is not pretentious, and would readily be taken, if 
situated elsewhere, as the residence of an ordinary 
citizen in comfortable circumstances. The house 
preceding the present one was a small framed 
building of two stories, which, according to a his- 



16 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

torian, was destitute of paint for many years, and- 
everything therein was in keeping with the repub- 
lican simplicity of the times. It was occupied 
during its existence by Henry. Jefferson, Monroe, 

and Page. 

The Old Bell-House, 

Situated on the western side of the grounds, on 
Ninth street, was used for many years as a guard- 
house by the State Guard. In the tower was a 
large and sonorous bell, which was wont to awaken 
the slumbering citizens and summon the firemen to 
their duty in times gone by whenever a fire oc- 
curred. It was also used as the principal time- 
bell of the city. It is now deserted, and remains 
but a dilapidated monument to its former glory. 

The Jeff. Davis Mansion. 

The large, palatial residence at the southeast 
corner of Clay and Twelfth streets, erected about 
fifty years ago by Dr. John Brockenbrough, became 
famous as the residence of the President of the 
Confederate States. It was the White House of 
the Confederacy, where the fair and the brave of 
the Sunny South mingled in pleasant concourse 
during the stirring times of war. 

Little Joe Davis, son of Jefferson Davis, lost his 
life by falling from the rear porch of this house 
during their occupancy of it. 



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RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 17 

When Richmond had been selected as the seat 
of government by the Confederate States, the City 
Council purchased the property with the view of 
presenting it to Mr. Davis as a gift, but he posi- 
tively refused to receive it. He consented, how- 
ever, to occupy it free of rent. On the evacuation 
of Richmond, April 3d, 1865, it was taken posses- 
sion of by the Federal troops, and was subsequent- 
ly occupied as headquarters by the different military 
commanders under whom the District of Virginia 
was placed up to the year 1870, when the troops 
were finally withdrawn and the military grip loos- 
ened. 

The Military Prisons 

still keep their hold upon the curiosity and interest 
of visitors from the North. The first quarters se- 
lected as a prison becoming insecure and too small 
by reason of the rapid increase of prisoners, it was 
decided to take what was afterwards called 

Libby Prison, a commodious brick building at 
the corner of Cary and Twentieth streets. It was 
occupied as a ship chandlery by Mr. Luther Libby 
for many years previous to the war. From the 
summer of 1861 to the close of the war many 
thousands of Union soldiers were confined within 
its walls, at times being filled to its utmost capacity. 
A very remarkable incident in connection with the 
prison is the escape of Col. Streight and about sixty 



18 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

companions, who burrowed under the street, with 
no other instruments than forks, until they reached 
a vacant lot opposite, and without waiting to fold 
their tents stole silently away under cover of a dark 
and stormy night. They remained in the city sev- 
eral days in the houses of their friends, and finally 
succeeded in getting beyond the lines, after many 
privations and hardships. The next in importance 
is 

Castle Thunder, which was located on the north 
side of Cary street, between Eighteenth and Nine- 
teenth streets, but was destroyed by fire recently. 
In this prison were confined spies, deserters and 
persons of doubtful loyalty. Captain Alexander 
dispensed the hospitalities of the establishment. 

Castle Lightning, on Lumpkin's alley, between 
Broad and Franklin and Mayo and Sixteenth sts., 
used before the war as a prison for slaves, was, 
during the first year of the war, a receptacle for 
State prisoners. John Minor Botts, Franklin 
Stearns, Burnham Wardwell, and other Virginian 
Union men were held in durance vile behind its 
bars and bolts. 

Belle Isle, an island of the James river, near the 
Tredegar Iron works, was used as a prison camp 
during the war. Being surrounded by water and a 
strong current, it was deemed a very secure place 
for the purpose. Nevertheless, an attempt at es- 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 19 

cape was made by some of the prisoners one night, 
which resulted in the shooting and drowning of 
many and the recapture of the others. The best 
view of it can be obtained from Gamble's Hill. 

The Soldiers' Home, a large building at the south- 
west corner of Seventh and Cary streets, formerly 
used as a tobacco factory, was put into service as a 
sort of resting place or rendezvous for soldiers on 
the way to their commands, as well as a place of 
confinement for stragglers and luckless citizens with- 
out their passports of freedom. It was under the 
charge of Lieut. Benjamin Bates, of Richmond. 

Public Parks. 

The principal one of the city, and most central, 
is that surrounding the Capitol, and known as the 
Capitol square. When first laid off and rescued 
from the chaos of its primitive ruggedness, the trees 
were arranged in straight lines, and flights of stone 
steps invited the pedestrian up or down its precipi- 
tate heights. Since those days its topography has 
been changed to a gracefully undulating surface, with 
serpentine walks leading hither and thither, and no 
where in particular, and the trees dispersed in rather 
more of the forest nature. Handsome parterres, 
shrubbery, fountains, statues, &c, have been added 
from time to time, till now it may be considered 
one of the prettiest of its size in the country. The 



20 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

grave and the gay, the old and the young delight to 
while away the summer evenings in this Bois de 
Boulogne of the Virginia capital. 

The next in size and importance is Monroe Park, 
in the western part of the city, between Main and 
Franklin, in the centre of a fashionable and refined 
neighborhood, which can be reached by means of 
the street cars. A bronze copy of Houdon's statue 
of Washington, by Hubard, is one of the attractions 
of this park. 

Marshall Pa?-k^ on Libby's Hill, near Twenty- 
seventh street, between Main and Franklin, is a 
very pleasant spot, and affords a remarkably fine 
view of the river and surrounding country for many 
miles in different directions. It is designed to place 
here a statue of General R. E. Lee. 

City Spring Park, beyond Leigh street, between 
Seventh and Eighth, is the second oldest, and con- 
tains a bold spring of excellent chalybeate water. 
The armory of the Richmond Howitzers stands on 
the Eighth street side. 

Gamble's Hill has recently been added to the 
public grounds of the city. It is handsomely laid 
off in terraces, with walks and- drives, and a suffi- 
ciency of shade trees and seats. Magnificent views 
are presented of the river, falls and country for 
miles, as well as a good portion of the city, It can 
be reached by way of Third or Fourth streets. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 21 

Reservoir Park, the grounds of the new city re- 
servoir, is located on the western, outskirts, and for 
natural and artistic beauty is equal to any. It is 
the resort of the elite and fashion of the city, be- 
ing the terminus of one of our principal drives. 

Ckimborazo Heights is in the extreme eastern 
limits. It was once a noted duelling ground. Im- 
mediately after the war it became a negro settlement, 
the Confederate hospital buildings there having been 
allotted by the Federal authorities to the horde of 
negroes who gathered here at that time from the ad- 
jacent country. 

Gen. Lee's Residence. 

No. 707 Franklin street, between Seventh and 
Eighth streets, on the second block west of Capi- 
tol Square, is the house that was occupied by Gen. 
Robert E. Lee and family during the war between 
the States. 

St. Paul's Episcopal Church 

Is located on the southwest corner of Grace and 
Ninth streets. Rev. Charles Minnegerode, D. D., 
Rector. Jefferson Davis and General Lee were 
regular attendants at divine service in this church. 
It was here that Mr. Davis was apprised of the fact 
that the worst had come, when on Sunday, the 2nd 
of April, 1865, the sexton handed him a telegram 
from General Lee stating that Petersburg had sue- 



22 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

cumbed to the overpowering strength of the Union 
troops, and that Richmond must consequently be 
evacuated. Soon after daylight the next day the 
Union soldiers marched in and took possession of 
the city, a large portion of which was then in flames. 

Number of Vehicles. 

Richmond possesses a greater number of vehi- 
cles, both private and business, in proportion to its 
population, than perhaps any other city in the 
Union. The number reaches 2,725, an average of 
one to every twenty-four of its inhabitants. 

POSTOFFICE AND CUSTOM HOUSE. 

The large granite structure on Main street, run- 
ning back to Bank street, between Tenth and Elev- 
enth streets, with entrances on both Main and Bank, 
is the Postoffice and Custom House. The first 
floor on Main street is used as the postoffice. Dr. 
George K. Gilmer, Postmaster; Maj. Robert Car- 
ruthers, Assistant Postmaster; John Graeme, Esq., 
General Business. The first floor on Bank street 
(or second floor of building) is occupied by the Col- 
lector, Assessor and Supervisor of Internal Reve- 
nue, Collector of Customs, and U. S. District At- 
torney. Third floor— U. S. Court room and offices 
of the Judges, Marshal and Clerks. Fourth floor — 
jury rooms. Being fire-proof, it survived the con- 
flagration on the day of the evacuation of Rich- 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 23 

mond, in April, 1865, while nearly all other houses 
in the neighborhood were consumed. 

During the war, it was occupied by the Treasury 
department of the Confederate States. President 
Davis had his office in the third story. 

It was completed in 1855, under the supervision 
of Henry K. Exall, Esq., architect, of this city. 

Monumental Church. 

This (Episcopal) church marks the spot where 
perished, on the night of December 26th, 181 1, 
sixty or more ladies and gentlemen, many of them 
of old and prominent Virginian families, by the 
burning of the Richmond Theatre, among whom 
were George W. Smith, Governor of the State, A* 
B. Venable, President of the Bank, and Benjamin 
Botts and wife, parents of the late John Minor 
Botts. The building contained at the time about 
six hundred persons, and took fire shortly before 
the performance was to have closed. The house 
was like a tinder-box. Attacking first the scenery 
and stage trappings, the fire soon reduced it to 
ashes. A marble cenotaph in the portico records 
the names of the victims of the unfortunate catas- 
trophe, and such of the remains as were recovered 
repose beneath it. 

Medical College of Virginia. 

Not far from the Monumental Church, on the 



24 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

corner of College and Marshall streets, is located 
the Medical College of Virginia, built in the Egyp- 
tian style of architecture. It was established in 
1838 as a department of Hampden Sydney College- 
Adjoining is the 

Retreat for the Sick, 

under the management of a board of 45 ladies of 
different religious denominations. 

The old Stone House, 

on the north side of Main, between 19th and 20th 
streets, is the oldest dwelling house in Richmond. 
It was built by a German settler named Jacob Ege ? 
in whose family its possession remained for some six 
generations. President Monroe, when at school, 
boarded therein ; it was then considered equal to the 
present estimation of a brown-stone front. Wash- 
ington, Jefferson, 'Madison, Lafayette and Patrick 
Henry have honored it with their presence. Wash- 
ington is said to have had his headquarters here 
for a while during the Revolution. 

Negro Jails and Auction Houses. 

In ante-bellum days jails and auction houses for 
the confinement and sale of slaves were situated on 
Franklin street, near 15th or Wall street, and in 
Lumpkin's alley, between Broad and Franklin 
streets. The most prominent of these was Lump- 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 25 

kin's, located on the alley of that name, built by 
Bacon Tait in 1825, and used for this purpose until 
the close of the war. 

The City Alms-House 

Is situated on a beautiful eminence at the extreme 
northern end of Second street, near the Shockoe 
Hill Cemetery. It is one of the handsomest edi- 
fices in the city, and under the splendid manage- 
ment of its Superintendent, Capt. Charles P. Big- 
ger, is conceded by all visitors to be the best kept 
house of the kind in existence. 

The colored alms-house is near by, and is a mo- 
del of neatness, under the supervision of Wm. Jas. 
Epps, Esq. 

Richmond Theatre, 

Corner of Seventh and Broad streets. Its exterior 
is of a very simple order, but the interior is hand- 
some and cosy, and will compare favorably with any 
of its size in the country. It was originally desig- 
nated the "Marshall Theatre", in honor of Chief 
Justice Marshall; was erected in 181 7, burnt in 
1863, and rebuilt soon after. Joe Jefferson played 
his first stock engagement here. Neafie was at one 
time its stage carpenter. 

Yuengling's Brewery. 

This is the largest beer-brewing establishment in 



26 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

the South, and was erected in 1866 by Messrs. D. 

G. Yuengling, Jr., and Beyer, at a total cost for 

buildings, machinery and appurtenances of about 
$200,000. It is located below Rocketts, on James 
river, just above the C. & O. R. R. wharves, and in 
full view of steamers on the river. 

C. & O. R. R. Tunnel under Church Hill. 

It commences at Nineteenth street, near Clay, run- 
ning under Union and Church Hills. It is 3,927 
feet long. 

State Court House. 

The building situated on the east side of Elev- 
enth street, between Broad and Marshall streets, 
formerly known as the Sycamore Church, and used 
by the Disciples until the completion of their beau- 
tiful church corner of Seventh and Grace, is now 
occupied by the Supreme Court of Appeals, and in 
part as a law library. 

St. John's Church. 

This edifice stands upon an eminence occupying 
the square bounded by Grace, Broad, 24th and 25th 
streets, on Church Hill. It was erected in 1740, 
and is the oldest place of public worship in the city. 
A brick wall of antiquated fashion surrounds the 
yard, which, with its time-worn and dilapidated 
tombstones, stately cedars and weeping willows, pre- 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 27 

sents a picturesque view. It was here the Virginia 
Convention of 1775 met ; m which the immortal 
Patrick Henry startled the colonies by the utterance 
of those soul-stirring and ever-memorable words, 
''Give me liberty or give me death !" Madison, Mar- 
shall, Monroe, Pendleton, Wythe, Nicholas, Grayson, 
George Mason, Edmund and Innes Randolph were 
also members of this convention. 

Flouring Mills. 

Haxall's Mills stand on the spot where was built 
the first grist mill that ever existed in Richmond, 
which was a mere wooden shanty, erected on the 
rocks in the river, and approached by planks la,id 
from one rock to another, whose machinery was a 
common tub wheel, propelled by a natural rapid, 
and gave motion to a pair of mill stones which serv- 
ed to grind corn for the inhabitants of those days* 
The present Mills, conducted by the Haxall-Cren- 
shaw Company, will compare favorably with any of 
their kind in the country. They were destroyed by 
fire three times — in 1830, 1865 and 1874. 

Richmond flour is shipped to all parts of the 
globe, and alone stands successfully a sea voyage 
across the Equator, owing to the peculiar quality of 
the wheat raised in this section. It is the favorite 
in Rio de Janeiro, Valparaiso and South American 
markets generally. The best brands of Northern 



28 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

and Western flour have almost invariably, under the 
heat of the tropical sun and the moisture of the sea 
combined, become worthless. 

The Gallego Mill is at the eastern end of the 
Basin of the old James River and Kanawha Canal, 
fronting both on the Basin and Twelfth street. It 
was twice burnt, latterly on the night of the evacua- 
tion of Richmond, but was soon rebuilt on a more 
extended scale and is said to be the largest flour 
mill in the world. 

The Tredegar Iron Works. 

This is one of the most extensive manufactories 
of locomotives, cars, railroad materials, steam en- 
gines, &c, in America. It was the principal source 
of supply of cannon and other armament for the 
Confederate States army and navy. .It is capable 
of turning out 30.000 tons of bars, spikes, &c, com- 
plete, 20,000 tons castings, and 2,000 freight cars an- 
nually. The Machine shops turn out an immense 
quantity of work annually, and are always full. The 
works were established in 1837, and are located a 
short distance above the Richmond and Petersburg 
Railroad depot, between the river and Richmond 
and Alleghany Railroad. From 1,000 to 1,500 men 
are employed. 

Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works 
Are on Belle Isle, opposite the Tredegar Iron Works, 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 29 

and are operated by the Old Dominion Nail Com- 
pany. 

Henrico County Courthouse 

Is at the corner of Twenty-second and Main streets. 
It is a very plain and unattractive structure. The 
oldest records of deeds, wills, &c, to be found in 
the State are preserved here. Henrico was one of 
the eight original shires of the State, running west- 
erly as far back as the Ohio, and her court-house 
contains among its records many quaint and cu- 
rious papers. 

Powhatan 

Is famous as having been the camping ground of 
the aboriginal American Chief, Powhatan. It was 
for a long time the seat of the Mayo family. In 
the garden is a boulder which marks the burial- 
place of the celebrated Indian potentate, and bears 
many curious carvings and symbol?. It is situated 
a short distance below the city, on the left bank of 
the James river, just before reaching the Chesa- 
peake and Ohio Railroad wharves. 

Stone Cannon Balls. 

At the Southwest corner of Marshall and Seventh 
streets, are to be seen three novel " grape shot," 
three feet in diameter, mounted upon stone posts, 
which were brought from the shores of the Bospho- 
rus by Com. Elliott, U. S. N. They were in- 



30 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

tended for the University of Virginia, but having re- 
mained at Rocketts wharf for a long time unclaimed, 
were finally put in place as above described by Mr. 
Henry W. Moncure. 

Union Hotel. 

The Union Hotel was one of the first in the city, 
situated on Main street, corner of Nineteenth. 
Upon the rapid growth of the city in a westerly di- 
rection, the hotel gradually declined in popular favor, 
and was used from time to time for various purposes, 
until now it has become a college for colored young 
men, under the charge of Rev. C. H. Corey, D. D. 
From the front of this hotel to the opposite side of 
Main street a triumphal arch was erected in honor 
of Lafayette at the time of his visit to Richmond 
in 1824. Mrs. Mary L. Lacy, wife of John A. 
Lacy, Esq., 211 N. Eighteenth street, is the only 
survivor of thirteen girls placed upon this arch to 
represent the original thirteen States. This ven- 
erable couple celebrated their golden wedding sev- 
eral years ago, and are still as vigorous as many 
much younger people. 

The Masons' Hall, 

Situated on the south side of Franklin street, be- 
tween Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, is the 
first built exclusively for Masonic purposes in 
America. During Lafayette's last visit to Rich- 



. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 31 

mond, he was waited upon by a committee of Rich- 
mond Randolph Lodge, No. 19, while in session in 
this hall, and invited to its meeting. He was there- 
upon elected an honorary member, and he signed 
the minutes in token of acceptance. Edmund 
Randolph, Chief Justice John Marshall, and Gov. 
Robert Brooke have presided here as Grand Mas- 
ters. Lodges Nos. 10 and 19 are the joint owners 
of it. 

St. Albans Hall. 

This is a large building, at the corner of Third 
and Main streets, erected for Masonic purposes, in 
1867, by the Masonic Temple Association. 

There are in Richmond two Commanderies of 
Knights Templar — Richmond Commandery No. 
2, and Commandery of St. Andrew No. 13 ; 
there are two Royal Arch Chapters — Richmond 
No. 3, and Lafayette No. 43 ; and eleven Blue 
Lodges, viz : — Temple No. 9, Richmond No. 10, 
Metropolitan No. 11, Richmond Randolph No. 19, 
St. John's No. 36, Joppa No. 40, Dove No. 51, 
Loge Francaise No. 53, Amity No. 76, Henrico 
Union No. 130, and Jno. L. Roper Lodge of Per- 
fection No. 5 ; a majority of which bodies meet in 
St. Albans Hall, where also the Grand bodies hold 
their annual sessions. 

Another hall, known as Springfield, is located on 
Twenty-fifth street, near Clay. 



32 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

Mozart Hall 

Is on the east side of Eighth street, between Frank- 
lin and Grace. It was originally erected for a roller- 
skating rink, but was soon appropriated to the music 
and the drama. It is held by the Richmond Mozart 
Association, an organization for the encouragement 
of music and literary pursuits. 

The State Penitentiary 

Is located on a hill in the southwestern portion of 
the city, and can be reached by way of Cary street. 
It is the oldest State prison in the United States. 
It was authorized to be built by an act of the Gen- 
eral Assembly passed in 1796. It went into opera- 
tion March 25, 1800. 

The Magdalen Asylum, 

An institution for the reformation of fallen females, 
founded in 1874, is situated within a short distance 
of the Penitentiary. 

The State Fair Grounds, 

Consisting of several acres, well enclosed and con- 
taining excellent buildings for the accommodation 
of the fairs held every Fall by the Virginia State 
Agricultural Society, are located a mile and a half 
west of the corporate limits, on the road leading 
from Broad street. The Society was incorporated 
in 1853. Its real estate is supposed to be worth 



RICHM OND G UIDE B OK. 33 

about $100,000. Col. W. W. Finney is Secretary 
of the Society, and has his office and residence at 
the Fair Grounds. 

The Tobacco Exchange 

Is on Shockoe Slip, at the southern extremity of 
Thirteenth street, about 150 yards from Main. It 
opens daily at 10 o'clock A. M. Jas. A. Scott, 
President ; Gen. Peyton Wise, Secretary and Treas- 
urer; Emmet W. Chockley, Clerk; K. A. Trice, 
Auctioneer. 

Corn and Flour Exchange 

Is in the third story of the building at the southeast 
corner of Thirteenth and Cary streets. Thos. W. 
McCance, President. 

Richmond Stock Exchange 

Is at 1 104 Main street, and holds meetings daily. 
R. H. Maury, President; G. A. Davenport, Secretary 
and Treasurer. 

Chamber of Commerce, 

Having in view the usual objects of such an or- 
ganization, was instituted in 1867. It meets on the 
second Thursday in each month at the Commercial 
Club Hall, 912 Main street. 

The Tobacco Warehouses. 

Shockoe and Crenshaw's warehouses are located 
3 



34 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

on Shockoe Slip, near Cary street; Centre ware- 
house on Cary street near Virginia ; the Planter's at 
corner of Cary and Fifteenth streets; Mayo's, near 
Mayo's Bridge, south of the dock ; Seabrook's, Grace 
street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth; Public 
warehouse, Eighth street, south side of the Canal; 
Anderson's and Weisiger's one square distant, to the 

south. 

City Jail. 

This house of public entertainment is at the cor- 
ner of Marshall street and Jail alley. 

Henrico County Jail 

Is located at the corner of 22nd and Main streets. 

Hospitals. 

Pinel Hospital is situated on the west end of 
Broad street, not far from the Baptist College. 

Confederate Hospitals. — The St. Charles Hotel, 
corner Main and Fifteenth streets, was used during 
the war as a hospital for soldiers; also, the residence 
of Judge John Robertson, at the corner of Third 
and Main streets; St. Francis de Sales Hospital, 
(Goddin's Tavern) on Brook avenue, near Bacon's 
Quarter Branch, now partitioned and rented to fam- 
ilies ; Howard's Grove, on the Mechanicsville turn- 
pike, about half a mile from the corporate limits ; 
Winder and Jackson Hospitals, in the western part 
of the city; Chimborazo, in the eastern suburbs of 




Granite Monument to the Confederate Dead 
in Hollywood Cemetery. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 35 

the city; Seabrook's, used before and since the war 
as a tobacco warehouse, occupying nearly all of the 
square bounded by Broad and Grace and Seven- 
teenth and Eighteenth streets. 

In addition to these, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi maintained 
separate hospitals at their own expense for soldiers 
from those States respectively. 

Cemeteries. 

Hollywood, situated on the Western outskirts, was 
laid off in 1848 and dedicated June 26th, 1849. It 
comprises about 100 acres. Nature and art have 
combined to render this one of the most pictu- 
resque cemeteries in the country-^diversified with 
beautiful and costly tombs, vaults and memorial 
piles, original forest trees, cedars and weeping wil- 
lows, hill and dale, and winding rivulets. The re- 
mains of 12,000 Confederate soldiers lie buried in 
the section set apart for that purpose, in the midst 
of which stands a pyramidical monument of. un- 
hewn stone, ninety feet high, erected under the 
auspices of Southern ladies. Clinging vines creep 
around and up its sides, covering it to a considera- 
ble extent, whose verdure gives a striking feature to 
the 'scene. On the east side is inscribed "To the 
Confederate Dead " ; west, " Erected by the La- 
dies of the Hollywood Memorial Association. A. 



36 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

D. 1869"; north, " Memoria in Aeterna" ; south,, 
Niimini et Patriae AstoT Many gallant and dis- 
tinguished sons of the South sleep beneath its sod, 
most notable of whom may be mentioned : Gen. 
Geo. E. Pickett, the hero of Gettysburg; John M. 
Daniel, editor ol the Richmond Examiner ; Thos. 
Ritchie, journalist, "father of the Democratic par- 
ty;" John R. Thompson, the poet; Bishop William 
Meade ; John Randolph of Roanoke, Gen. J. E. 
B. Stuart, Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill, Gen. W. 
H. Stevens, Gen. John Pegram, Col. Wm. R. J. 
Pegram, Capt. O. Jennings Wise, Gov. Henry A. 
Wise, Commodore Mathew F. Maury, Ex-Presidents 
Monroe and Tyler. Several of the above were 
brought hither from their places of original inter- 
ment. 

Shockoe Hill Cemetery is on the northern bound- 
ary, at the end of Third street, between Second and 
Fourth, and can be reached by either of these 
routes. It was established June 19, 1 815. Among 
those buried here are Bishop R. C. Moore, Benj. 
W T atkins Leigh, Chief Justice Marshall; John 
Hampden Pleasants, killed in a duel with Thomas 
Ritchie, Jr., February 27, 1846; Peter Francisco, 
the strong man of the Revolution, who whipped 
nine of Tarleton's dragoons ; Major James Gib- 
bon, the hero of Stony Point. 

Hebrew Cemetery, to the northeast of Shockoe 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 37 

Cemetery, about twenty yards distant, is a very neat 
burial ground. It contains a section devoted to the 
Confederate soldiers of the Hebrew faith who fell in 
the Lost Cause, surrounded by a handsome and ap- 
propriate railing composed of arms, accoutrements, 
&c. 

Catholic Cemetery is about a mile and a half from 
the city limits, in a north-easterly direction, situated 
near the Mechanicsville turnpike, and can be reach- 
ed by that road or by the road over Chelsea Hill, via 
Seventeenth street. It was established early in the 
year 1856, under the direction of the late Bishop 
John McGill. As in the others, so lie here many 
brave hearts that were stilled in defence of* the 
Southern cause. 

St. Mary's ( German Catholic) Cemetery is on the 
Henrico Turnpike, half a mile beyond the Shockoe 
Hill Cemetery. 

Oakwood Cemetery occupies an eminence one 
mile east of the city, embracing about forty acres. 
It was purchased and laid off by -the city in 1861. 
A granite spire was erected to the memory of the 
17,000 Confederate soldiers here buried. 

The National Cemetery is about two miles from 
the city, on the Williamsburg road, and contains the 
remains of many thousands of Union soldiers. It 
is very neatly laid off and arranged in the usual style 
of national cemeteries. 



38 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

St. Joints is mentioned elsewhere under the head 
of the Church of that name. 

The graves of the soldiers in these cemeteries are 
annually decorated with flowers and other tokens of 
love and remembrance in the month of May. 

Colored Cemeteries. — The Ham, Mechanics' and 
Ebenezer Cemeteries, for the colored population, 
are located on the New North road, about three- 
quarters of a mile beyond the Shockoe Hill Ceme- 
tery. 

Bridges Across the James River. 

Five bridges span the James at this point — Belle 
Isle Bridge; Richmond and Petersburg Railroad 
Bridge, at southern end of Eighth street; Free 
Bridge, for pedestrians and vehicles, southern ter- 
minus of Ninth street; Richmond and Danville 
Railroad Bridge, end of Virginia street, south of 
Cary; Mayo's Bridge, the oldest, erected by Col. 
John Mayo in 1787, at southern end of Fourteenth 
street (destroyed by floods several times). 

Schools and Colleges. 

Richmond College, situated at the western termi- 
nus of Grace street, is the only incorporated male 
college in the city. It is conducted under the aus- 
pices of the Baptist denomination, and originated 
in 1832 from what was then called the "Virginia 
Baptist Seminary." It was chartered in 1840 as the 




Richmond College. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 39 

"Richmond College." No theology is taught, but 
candidates for the Gospel ministry, of whatever de- 
nomination, are given a thorough training gratuitous- 
ly in her different schools. It has eight independent 
academic schools and school of law, with eight ac- 
complished professors. Three degrees are conferred. 
The library was destroyed by the war, but has been 
replaced by some 5,000 volumes. It has an attrac- 
tive museum, containing interesting relics and cu- 
riosities from foreign lands, besides geological and 
mineral collections from Virginia and the South. 

St. Peter's Cathedral Male School (Catholic) is 
located at the corner of Ninth and Marshall streets. 

Academy of the Visitation, Monte Maria (female), 
corner of Twenty-third and Grace streets. 

St. Patrick's Male School, corner Twenty-sixth 
and Grace streets. 

Richmond Female Institute, (Baptist) at the cor- 
ner of Tenth and Marshall streets, was established 
in 1855. 

St. Joseph's Female Academy, corner of Fourth 
and Marshall streets, founded in 1834, is in charge 
of the Sisters of Charity. 

The Fich?7iond Institute, for colored students, is 
at the corner of Nineteenth and Main streets. 

The Public Schools went into operation in 1870. 
They are under the control of a Board of Educa- 
tion, of which the Mayor of the city is ex-officio 



40 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

President, and a Superintendent. A school build- 
ing, with competent teachers, is located in each 
ward of the city. The Richmond High School, at 
805 East Marshall street, includes in its course the 
languages and mathematics. Number of schools — 
white, 74; colored, 41; total, 115. Number of 
teachers — white principals and teachers, 115; col- 
ored teachers, 11 ; total, 126. There is a Normal 
School for colored persons, with seven teachers and 
an income of $7,300 ; also, a High School, with 
two teachers, and an income of $500. 

Numerous private schools, male and female, have 
an attendance of 10,500 pupils. 
^Libraries. 

The principal one is the State Library, in the 
Capitol, second floor, southern end, and contains 
about 30,000 volumes. The State Law Library is 
in the State Courthouse (nth street), and contains 
6,000 volumes ; that of the State Historical Society, 
in same building, 8,000 ; the Young Men's Christian 
Association about 2,000; the Richmond College 
Library 5,000; Richmond Institute 2,500; McGill 
Lyceum, 600. There are also 17,000 volumes in 
the different Church libraries, 7,000 in Sunday- 
school libraries, and perhaps not less than 150,000 
volumes in private libraries. 

Reservoirs. 

The Old (or first) Reservoir is situated just above 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 41 

• Hollywood Cemetery, with a capacity of 8,000,000 
gallons. The grounds around it are very prettily 
laid off and ornamented with flowers, shrubs, arbors, 
&c, and form altogether quite an attractive spot. 

The New Reservoir is located a short distance 
above the old one, with a capacity of 40,000,000 
gallons. The land around it contains about 125 
acres, extending to the river. These grounds, with 
their natural attractions and contemplated improve- 
ments, will eventually become the "Central Park" of 
Richmond. A portion is at present used as a park, 
and is numerously frequented by the belles and 
beaux of the city. 

Pump-Works. 

The (old) Pump House is on the river at Holly- 
wood Cemetery, with handsome surroundings. 

The new Pump-Works are also on the river, at 
the Three mile lock, and can be reached via the 
Richmond and Alleghany railroad. 

Floods. 

The lower part of Richmond is subject to oc- 
casional freshets in James river, the most memorable 
of which occurred— -first, in May, 1771, when the 
water rose as high as where now stands the Exchange 
Hotel, and the most destructive in the annals of 
this section; second, October 1, 1870, when small 
schooners were propelled with poles through Seven- 



42 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

teenth street — a stone with brass tablet, erected in 
front of the St. Charles Hotel, corner of Fifteenth 
and Main streets, by order of the City Council, in- 
dicates the height to which the water attained; 
third, on Sunday, November 25, 1877, which, like 
the preceding, was very destructive, the current in 
the river being strong and freighted with portable 
property of every description, rushing along in its 
fury. 

Central Lunatic Asylum. 

This institution is exclusively for the accommo- 
dation of colored lunatics. It is near the Mechanics- 
ville turnpike, about half a mile from the corporate 
limits. 

Clubs. 

There are a number of Clubs in Richmond, the 
largest and most important of which are : 

Richmond Club, organized in 1866, meets in its 
own building, north-east corner of Third and Frank- 
lin streets. The grounds attached are very prettily 
ornamented with flowers and shrubbery. 

Westmoreland Club was founded in January, 1877. 
Among its members are some of the most prominent 
citizens of the city and State. Its purpose is not 
only to afford recreation, but also to furnish a me- 
dium of conference and intercourse between leading 
citizens of every section. It occupies the magnifi- 
cent building at the southeast corner of Grace and 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 43 

Sixth streets, which the club purchased a short time 
ago. 

The Commercial Club is composed of merchants 
and manufacturers. It was organized in 1878, and 
has now a large membership, whose hospitality forms 
an agreeable episode in the sojourn of visiting mer- 
chants. It possesses quite a good collection of geo- 
logical specimens and many archaeological relics of 
the aboriginal Americans. It occupies the entire 
spacious building, No. 912 Main street, between 
Ninth and Tenth streets. 

The Virginia Armory. 

But a small heap of ruins and an arched entrance 
still standing, at the southern extremity of Fifth 
street, between James river and the Canal, mark 
the spot where once proudly stood this historic Vir- 
ginian institution. It was burned on the day of the 
evacuation of Richmond, April 3rd, 1865. Many 
memorials of the Revolutionary war, including sev- 
eral brass French cannon and mortars of the sev- 
enteenth century, were treasured within its walls. 
It was erected in 1798, shortly after the adoption 
of the famous resolutions of 1798-99, when en- 
croachments upon State rights foreshadowed its pro- 
bable necessity, and was used as quarters for the 
State Guard ( ; 'the standing army of Virginia") 
from the time of their organization, in 1801, until 



44 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

disbanded by the United States military authorities 
in 1867, during the reconstruction period. Small 
arms were manufactured here before and during the 
late war. 

The Bell Telephone. 

A telephonic exchange, similar to those in opera 
tion in New York, Chicago and other large cities, 
was established in March, 1879. It is now under 
the control of the Southern Bell Telephone and 
Telegraph Company, with a capital stock of one 
million dollars. The company's offices are in the 
Piedmont and Arlington building, corner of Main 
and Ninth streets. 

Police Force. 

The police, officers and patrolmen, number eighty- 
four; Major John Poe, Jr., Chief, C. W. P. Brock, 
M. D., Surgeon. They are as genteel and fine- 
looking a body of men as can be found anywhere. 

Fire Department. 

There are five steam fire engines belonging to the 
Department, besides hook and ladder apparatus 
and a hose company, under the management of a 
chief engineer and three assistants. The signals 
are given by means of a fire-alarm telegraph. The 
whole number of men employed in the Department 
is eighty-five. 



RICH MO N% GUIDE BOOK. 45 

Military Organizations. 

First Virginia Regiment, volunteer infantry, Col. 
John B. Purcell, seven companies. There are two 
independent companies — Richmond City Guard 
and the Richmond Light Infantry Blues. The lat- 
ter company is the oldest in the State, having been 
organized in 1793, and has had among its members 
some of the most prominent citizens of Richmond 
and vicinage. Its first captain was Wm. Richard- 
son, 1793 to 1809; Henry Shore, 1809 to 1810; 
William Murphy, i8iotoi8i5; John G ; Gamble, 
1815 to 1816 ; Wm. Murphy, again, 1816 to 1817 ; 
Wm. Finney, 1817 to 1822; Wm. Murphy, again 
1822 to 1825; James M. Johnston, 1825 to 1829; 
Geo. Wythe Munford, 1829 to 1832; Thomas B. 
Bigger, 1832 to 1839; and successively, down to 
the present time, Geo. Wythe Munford, Geo. W 
Tompkins, William Y. Sheppard, John M. Patton, 
Wm. H. Fry, John M. Patton again, William L- 
Maule, O. Jennings Wise, Fred. Carter, C. P. Big- 
ger, E. J. Levy, Geo. W. Jarvis, F. M. Imboden, 
Jno. S. Wise. There are also a battalion of artille- 
ry, known as the Richmond Howitzers, and a batta- 
lion of three colored infantry companies. 

Powder Magazines. 

On the road leading eastwardly from the Alms- 
house, about three hundred yards distant, are lo- 



46 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

cated magazines for stowing powder. They suc- 
ceed one that stood for a long number of years on 
the same site, which was blown to atoms on the 
morning of the evacuation of Richmond, April 3d, 
1865, the explosion demolishing several buildings 
in the immediate neighborhood and cracking the 
window-glass of houses within a circumference of 
about a mile. 

Railroad Workshops. 

Those of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Po- 
tomac Rajlroad are located on the line of that road, 
a little beyond the city limits, and just before reach- 
ing the Fair Grounds of the Virginia State Agricul- 
tural Society. 

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad shops are 
on that road, in the Valley, between Seventeenth 
street and Shockoe Creek, beyond Clay street. 

The Late Spotswood Hotel. 

The vacant lot at southeast corner of Main and 
Eighth streets is the ground on which the Spots- 
wood Hotel stood, and which was destroyed by fire 
on the night of December 24th, 1870, attended 
with considerable loss of life. It was here that a 
hero sacrificed his life in an attempt to save that 
of a friend. Samuel H. Hines had emerged from 
the burning building, but finding that his compan- 
ion was still within, braved the possible conse- 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 47 

quence of returning in pursuit of him, and perished 
in the flames. Hines Lodge, No. 17, K. P., is 
named after him in commemoration of his Pythian 
valor and constancy. 

The Scene of Edgar Allan Poe's Youth. 

The fine old residence at the southeast corner of 
Main and Fifth streets, was successively owned and 
occupied by David Meade Randolph, Mr. Gallego 
and John Allan. Under the fatherly care and pro- 
tection of the last-named gentleman, young Poe 
an orphan, was reared and educated. Mrs. Louisa 
G. Allan, one of the most estimable and noted la- 
dies of Virginia, widow of John Allan, died Sun- 
day, April 24, 1881, after a residence in this house 
of nearly half a century. She bore a mother's part 
towards the gifted but erratic poet during his life- 
time. 

City Gas Works. 

These works are located in Rocketts, at the ex- 
treme eastern end of the city, near the river. A 
receiver is still retained where the works were first 
established, on Cary street, below Fifteenth. They 
were erected by and are under the control of the 
city authorities. A superintendent is elected every 
two years by the City Council. Gas is supplied at 
$2 per thousand feet. The city was first lighted 
with it on the night of February 22d, 185 1. 



48 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, 

Bloody Run Spring. 

This spring derives its name from a sanguinary 
conflict, in 1656, between Col. Edward Hill and 
the friendly Pamunkey Indians under Totopotomo 1 
on the one side and the Richahecrian tribe of In- 
dians on the other, in which the former were de- 
feated with such great slaughter that blood ran as a 
rivulet through the ravine leading from the spring. 
It is on a hill-side near Chimborazo Park. 

Bacon's Quarter Branch. 

This little streamlet, which empties into Shockoe 
creek about a hundred yards below the Powder 
Magazines, became famous in connection with In- 
dian raids and incursions in 1676, during which the 
overseer of Mr. Bacon's plantation and a favorite 
servant were massacred. The section of the city 
bordering thereon, where Brook avenue in the city 
becomes Brook turnpike in the county, is known as 
Bacon's Quarter Branch. 

Chief Justice Marshall's Residence. 

The plain two story brick building on the north- 
west corner of Marshall and Ninth streets, erected 
in 1795, was occupied by Chief Justice Marshall 
up to the time of his death, in 1835. Gov. Henry 
A. Wise also resided here for a while. It is still in 
a good state of preservation, 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 49 

Valentine's Studio. 

Edward V. Valentine, the distinguished Virginian 
sculptor, has his studio at 809 East Leigh street, 
on ground which once formed part of French's 
Garden. A collection of beautiful and curious ob- 
jects connected with the sculptor's art, the product 
of Mr. Valentine and other artists, both American 
and European, including the recumbent statue of 
General Lee, can be seen here. No lover of the 
fine arts should forego a visit. 

Roads and Battle-Fields. 

On or near the different roads here described, 
many of the hardest battles of the late war were 
fought. We will take first, on the east side of the 
city : 

Osborne Turnpike, or River road, as it is some- 
times called. It leads to some of the strongest for- 
tifications around the city. By this road Chaffin's 
Bluff and Fort Harrison can be reached ; the former 
is seven miles and the latter nine miles distant. 
Fort Harrison was the scene of many contests, and 
was finally captured by Gen. Butler, Sept. 29, 1864. 
Fort Gilmer, a stockade fort, is located a little to 
the northeast of Fort Harrison, where a large num- 
ber of Federal troops, mostly colored, were killed in 
an attempt to capture it. "Corporal Dick," it will 
be remembered, was the hero of this affair, but 
4 



50 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

never survived it, his brain having been penetrated 
by a Confederate bullet. 

New Market, or Varina road, branches off from 
the Osborne turnpike, just below Tree Hill. It 
leads to Deep Bottom, a point on the river from 
which gunboats threw "lamp-post" shells into the 
surrounding country as an evening pastime, for many 
months during the war ; to Varina, where prisoners 
of war were exchanged; to Malvern Hill, where 
McClellan made his last stand in his memorable 
defeat in 1862; to Harrison's Landing, &c. 

Williamsburg Road enters the city near Rock- 
etts. It runs by the National Cemetery, also Seven 
Pines or Fair Oaks, (9 miles distant, where the 
sanguinary seven-days battle of June, 1862, was 
fought,) and near the battle fields of Savage's station, 
on the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad. 

Nine Mile Road runs out by way of Venable 
street, over Union Hill. It also leads to Seven 
Pines. 

Mechanic sville Turnpike enters the city at Ven- 
able street, two squares from Seventeenth, and leads 
to many of the bloodiest battle-fields of the war — 
Ellerson's Mill (6 miles), Gaines' Mill and Cold 
Harbor (7 miles). 

Meadow Bridge Road enters the city by way of 
Second street and Seventeenth street, branching 
right and left into these two thoroughfares a quarter 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 51 

of a mile behind the Almshouse. The bridge over 
the Chickahominy is where the first shot was fired 
in the seven days fight with McClellan, when Lieut.- 
General A. P. Hill led his corps through this road 
to flank him. 

Henrico Turnpike enters the city at the foot of 
the hill behind the Almshouse, by way of Second 
street. It was opened during the last few years, 
and is a very pleasant drive. 

New North Road leads out from St. James 
street, but can be entered from Second street also. 
On this road about half a mile from the Almshouse, 
are the colored cemeteries. 

Brook Turnpike enters the city by way of- Brook 
avenue, northeast of the city. Dahlgren, in his 
memorable raid of 1864, approached within one 
mile of the city limits on this road, and might have 
entered it without a contest, as at the time there 
was not a man to oppose him, even the local troops 
and militia having already been ordered to another 
point several miles off". It affords an excellent drive, 
with many pretty scenes. 

Hermitage Road starts from Broad street, above 
Pinel Hospital, runs by the State Fair Grounds, and 
is a pretty drive. 

Deep Run Turnpike leads out from Broad street, 
and was at one time the route by which coal was 



52 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

brought down in carts from coal pits situate J some 
ten miles above Richmond. 

Three Chop Road starts out of the Deep Run 
turnpike about twelve miles distant from the city, 
and is one of the most celebrated in the State, being 
once the most direct route to Louisville and Cin- 
cinnati, by which the products of the western 
country were transported to the east, and droves of 
horses, mules and cattle were driven to eastern mar- 
kets. The many road side inns which flourished in 
those days along this route have disappeared, and 
the cracking whip and jingling bells of the mountain 
wagon are now but seldom heard. 

Grove Road is reached by Franklin or Grace 
streets, west, and is considered the most fashionable 
drive. On either side are many handsome and 
costly residences and gardens. It runs into the 
Deep Run turnpike about two miles from the city. 

Westham Road enters on the western suburbs, 
and leads to the ancient town of Westham. It 
passes in full view of the two Reservoirs, Holly- 
wood Cemetery, and by many of the finest farms on 
James river. 

Places of Interest Around the City. 

Chaffiris Bluff, an important fortified place 
during the war, is on James River, seven miles be- 
low the city. It Can be reached by the Osborne 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 53 

turnpike, which leads out from the city near the 
James River Brewery. 

Drewrjs Bluff, or Fort Darling, is on the south 
side of the James, six miles from town, and its guns 
commanded the river for many miles. This was 
the strongest Confederate fort on the river, and 
gunboats dared not run the gauntlet at this point, 
it being so elevated as to send solid shot squarely 
on and through their iron roofs. 

James River Jetties — Dykes and wing dams, after 
the order of Ead's jetties in the Mississippi river, 
designed to contract and deepen the channel, can 
be seen in the river below Rocketts. 

Bdlona Arsenal was situated about twelve miles 
above Richmond on the south side of James river, 
remains of which are still visible. It was establish- 
ed in 1816 as a depot for U. S. military stores, and 
attached to it was one of the oldest cannon foun- 
dries in the country. It was destroyed in 1877. 

Convenient Route Through the City. 

For convenience and economy, the following 
route for sight-seeing is suggested. The places and 
objects printed in italics are considered the most 
important, and which the stranger should not fail 
to see : If riding be preferred, take a carriage say 
at the Exchange Hotel, drive to the Capitol and 
Grounds, visiting the State Library, &c, then in 
rotation to the Postoffice and Custom House, Gal- 



54 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

lego Mills, the Haxall-Crenshaw Mills, the Bridges 
across the river, Richmond Paper Mill, Gen. Lee's 
residence, St. Paul's Church, Mozart Hall, Gam- 
ble's Hill, Penitentiary, Tredegar Iron Works, Old 
Dominion Iron and Nail Works, Hollywood Ce?ne- 
tery, Pump House, the Reservoirs, Fair Grounds, 
Baptist College, Monroe Park, City Alms-house, 
Shockoe Hill Cemetery^ Hebrew Cemetery, Davis 
Mansion, Monumental Church, Medical College. 
Should the journey up to this point, which includes 
the principal places in the upper or western section 
of the city, known as Shockoe Hill, be deemed 
sufficient for the day, it might be resumed at an- 
other time, starting from the Exchange Hotel, as 
before, for the purpose of seeing the lower or east 
ern portion. The first object of interest in this 
direction is the Old or First Market, next in turn, 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Tunnel under 
Church Hill, then the Masons' Hall, Lottier's To- 
bacco factory, where singing peculiar to the negro 
race may be enjoyed, St. John's Church, Marshall 
Park, Chimborazo Park, Oakwood Cemetery, Ches- 
apeake and Ohio Railroad Wharves, James River 
Brewery, Powhatan, where the great Indian chief 
of that name was interred, and in returning, Libby 
Prison, County Courthouse, the Old Stone House 
(General Washington's Headquarters), Union Ho- 
tel (now Richmond Institute), the Docks, Talbot's 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 55 

Foundry, Ettinger & Edmond's Foundry, thence 
back to the Hotel. Much pleasure and interest 
may be derived from a trip to Manchester, which 
might form a continuation of this drive or be taken 
at another time. 

By following the course indicated above, much 
zig-zagging is avoided, and time, distance and ex- 
pense saved, as the different points mentioned are 
reached one after another in precisely the order in 
which they are enumerated. Instruct the driver 
accordingly. 

Legal Charges for Hacks, &c. 

The following rates are established by a city or- 
dinance. Should a driver demand more, he is 
liable to prosecution before the Police Court, which 
can be brought about by reporting the fact to a 
policeman : 
For carrying a person not more than ten 

squares $ 50 

For each additional square 05 

But not more for one person to any part of 

the city than. 1 00 

For carrying not more than four persons, for 

the whole, never to exceed 1 50 

Unless more than one hour be employed, 

then to be for the first hour 1 50 

And for each succeeding hour 50 



56 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

No charge for children under three years of age. 

For carrying persons between ten o'clock at 
night and daybreak, an additional charge of one- 
half the above rates may be made, and no more. 

For baggage — for each trunk carried outside, 25 
cents. Nothing for articles inside, or for any car- 
pet bag or basket. 

City Railway. 

The fare on the street railway is 5 cents. It ex- 
tends from the corner of Twenty-seventh and Main 
streets, up Main to Ninth, up Ninth to Broad, 
thence to Morton's flower garden, near Hollywood 
Cemetery. 

Churches. 

Jewish. 

Beth Ahabah, Eleventh bet. Marshall and Clay, 
Rev. A. Harris, minister, and M. Millhiser, president. 

K. K. Kanesseth Israel, Mayo near Ross, Moses 
Myer, president. 

K. K. Beth Shalom, Mayo near Broad, A. Levy ? 
president. 

Catholic. 

St. Peter's Cathedral, corner of Grace and Eighth 
streets. Rt. Rev. John J. Keane, D. D., Bishop cf 
the Diocese ; Very Rev. A. Van de Vyver, V. G ; 
Rev. W. B. Hanley; Rev. A. A. Habets and Rev. 
D. J. O'Connell, D. D. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 57 

St. Mary's German Church, Marshall between 
Third and Fourth streets. Rev. Benno Hegele, O 
S. B. ; Rev. Wilebald Baumgartner, 0. S. B. 

St. Patrick's Church, Twenty-fifth between Broad 
and Grace streets. Rev. John Doherty. 

Lutheran. 

German Evangelical Bethlehem, Sixth st. near 
Leigh, Rev. F. Dreyer. 

St. John's German, southwest corner Marshall 
and Eighth, Rev. Edward Huber. 

First English, corner Grace and Seventh, Rev, 
W. C. Schaeffer. 

Episcopal. 

St. John's, Broad corner Twenty-fifth. Rev. A. 
W. Weddell, D. D., rector. 

St. James', Marshall corner Fifth. Rev. Joshua 
Peterkin, D. D., rector. Rev. G. W. Dame, Jr 7 
assistant. 

St. Paul's, Grace corner Ninth. Rev. Charles 
Minnegerode, D. D., rector. Rev. Pike Powers, as- 
sistant. 

Moore Memorial Church, Laurel street near Mair, 
Rev. D. F. Sprigg, D. D., rector. 

Christ, Washington corner Buchanan. Rev. E. 
S. Barrett, rector. 

Grace, Main corner Foushee. Rev. H. Melville 
Jackson, rector. 



58 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

St. Mark's, First cor. Clay. Rev. T. G. Dashiel, 
D. D., rector. 

St. Andrew's, Laurel corner Beverly. Rev. Pike 
Powers, rector. 

Monumental, Broad bet. Twelfth and College 
streets, Rev. J. G. Armstrong, D. D. 
Presbyterian. 

First, Capitol corner Tenth, Rev. Thos. L. Pres- 
ton, D. D. 

Second, Fifth between Main and Franklin, Rev. 
Moses D. Hoge, D. D. 

Second Presbyterian Church Chapel, 907 West 
Grace, Rev. M. D. Hoge, D. D. 

Third, Broad cor. Twenty-sixth (Church Hill), 
Rev. Wm. N. Scott, D. U. 

Grace Street, Grace cor. Fourth, Rev. C. H. 
Read, D. D. 

Methodist Episcopal. 

The ministers of this denomination being sub- 
ject to annual change, their names are omitted. 
Broad Street, Broad corner Tenth. 
Centenary, Grace between Fourth and Fifth. 
Clay Street, Clay corner Adams. 
Laurel Street, Church street near Maiden Lane. 
Park Place, Franklin corner Pine. 
Union Station, Twenty-Fifth corner N. 
Trinity, Twentieth and Broad. 
Nicholson Street. Rocketts. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 59 

Baptist. 

Fulton, Nicholson near Eighth, Port Mayo, Rev. 
J. M. Butler. 

First, Broad cor. Twelfth, Rev. J. B. Hawthorn, 
D. D. 

Second, Main cor. Sixth, Rev. Henry McDonald, 
D. D. 

Grace Street, Grace cor. Foushee, Rev. Wm. E. 
Hatcher, D. D. 

Leigh Street, Leigh cor. Twenty-fifth, Rev. J. R. 
Garlick, D. D. 

Pine Street, Pine cor. Spring, Rev. J. B. Hutson. 

Sidney, Reservoir cor. Main, Rev. Edmond Har- 
rison. 

Venable Street, Venable cor. Buchanan, Rev. G. 
F. Williams. 

German Baptist Mission, hold service at First 
Baptist Church. 

Clay Street Mission, cor. Clay and Graham, Rev. 
Samuel C. Clopton. 

Friends. 

Clay, bet. First and Foushee, John B. Crenshaw. 

Universalist. 

• First Independent, Mayo bet. Ross and Broad. 

Christian. 

Seventh Street, cor. Seventh and Grace streets, 
Rev. J. Z. Tyler. 



60 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

Main Street, Main bet. Pine and Laurel, Elder 
J. A. Dearborn. 

Twenty-fifth Street Chapel, Twenty-fifth cor. M y 
Rev. J. Z. Tyler. 

Colored Churches. 

Episcopal. 

S f . Philip's, Leigh corner St. James, Rev. G. W, 
Dame, Jr. 

Methodist. 

Third Street, Third between Leigh and Jackson. 
Asbury, Twenty-fifth near N. 

Baptist. 

First, Broad cor. College, Rev. J. H. Holmes. 
This church is said to have a membership of 4,000 
— the largest congregation in the United States. It 
occupies the site of the noted "Old African Church," 
which was erected between the years 1790 and 1800 
for the whites, but given up to the colored Baptists 
when the First Baptist (white) Church was built in 
1841. 

Second, cor. Byrd and First streets, Rev. W. H. 
Brooks. 

Third, Ebenezer, Leigh cor. Judah, Rev. R. H. 
Wells. 

Fourth, Thirty-second between M and N. 

Fifth, Main near Reservoir, Rev. Eli Saunders. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 61 

Sixth, Mount Zion, Duval cor. St. John, Rev. 
John Jasper, the famous preacher on the move- 
ment of the sun. 

Shiloh, corner Richardson and Seventeenth sts., 
Rev. H. Harris. 

Missionary, Moore between Gilham and Graham 
streets, Rev. Wm. Troy. 

Rising Mt. Zion, Graham street, Rocketts, Rev. 
Archer Fergusson. 

Mt. Tabor, Woodville, Rev. C. C. Figgins. 

Fifth Street, Fifth near Jackson. 

Religious Statistics. 

No. of Mem- No. in 

Churches, bership. S. S. 

Baptist— White 9 4,091 3,470 

Baptist— Colored 11 12,756 3,200 

Catholic 3 5.261 1,112 

Christians 2 782 419 

Episcopal— White 9 2.229 1,970 

Episcopal— Colored 1 200 80 

Friends 1 

Hebrew 3 235 184 

Lutherans 3 489 430 

Methodist— White 8 2,705 1,940 

Methodist— Colored 2 409 134 

Presbyterians 4 1,476 1,698 

Totals..:-. 56 30,633 14,657 

Asylums. 

St. Joseph's Female Orphan, in charge of the 



62 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

Sisters of Charity, corner Marshall and Fourth 
streets. Founded in 1834. 

St. Sophia's Home for -Old People, Harvie street, 
near Main, in charge of the Little Sisters of the 
Poor. Established in 1874 through the generosity 
of W. Shakespeare Caldwell. 

Protestant Episcopal Church Home for aged fe- 
males, No. 507 North Fourth street. 

St. Paul's Church Home — Children's depart- 
ment, 506 East Leigh street; Women's department, 
706 East Leigh street. 

Female Orphan Asylum, corner of Leigh and 
Seventh streets, under the management of the 
Ladies Humane Association of Richmond. It was 
erected by means of a bequest from Mr. Edmund 
Walls, an Irish merchant of Richmond. Founda- 
tion laid in 1805; Association incorporated 181 1, 

Richmond Male Orphan, on Amelia near Rob- 
inson street, beyond the western city limits ; found- 
ed in 1846. 

Public Buildings. 

The following are such as have not been referred 
to elsewhere : 

The City Hall is a temporary structure, located 
between Ninth and Tenth streets, fronting on Broad 
and Capitol streets. It contains the rooms of the 
Chancery and Hustings Courts, with their respec- 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 63 

tive clerk's offices, and those of the Mayor, Collec- 
tor of City Taxes, Commissioner of the Revenue, 
Auditor, City Engineer, Clerk ^f the Council, In- 
spector of Gas, City Sergeant, Sealer of Weights 
and Measures, and Jury Rooms. 

First Market, Main street corner of Seventeenth. 

Second Market, cor. of Marshall and Sixth streets. 

Police Headquarters and First Police Station, 
over the First Market, cor. Main and Seventeenth 
streets. 

Second Police Station, over Second Market, cor. 
Sixth and Marshall streets. 

Third Police Station, over engine-house corner 
Marshall street and Brook avenue. 

Circuit Court Rooms, Stearns' building, opposite 
the Post-office. 

City Water Works Office, under Washington Hall 
Broad between Ninth and Tenth streets. 

Young Men's Christian Association Rooms, 703 
Main street. 

Washington Hall, Broad between Ninth and 
Tenth streets. The City Council meets here. 

Wilkinson Hall, Ninth street between Main and 
Franklin. 

Ellett Hall, cor. Marshall and Fifth. 

West-End Hall, cor. Broad and Munford. 

Pythian Hall, corner Eleventh and Bank streets. 



64 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

Marshall Hall, corner Tenth and Bank streets. 

Odd Fellows' Hall, corner of Franklin and Mayo 
streets. The Police Court is held here. 

Harmony Hall, Broad street between Sixth and 
Seventh, south side. 

Schiller Hall, Broad street between Sixth and 
Seventh, north side. 

First National Bank, 1104 east Main street. 

Union Bank of Richmond, No. 1104 east Main 
street. 

National Bank of Virginia, No. 10 16 east Main 
street. 

Richmond Banking and Insurance Company, 
1301 Main street. 

Merchants and Planters Savings Bank, 1 103 east 
Main street. 

Planters National Bank, 1200 east Main street. 

Merchants National Bank, 1101 east Main street. 

City Bank of Richmond, 1323 east Main street. 

Citizens Bank of Richmond, 10 15 east Main 
street. 

State Bank of Virginia, 1 1 1 1 east Main street. 

Bank of Commerce, 1 1 1 7 east Main street. 

Office of Western Union Telegraph Company, 
1300 east Main. 

The offices of the insurance companies are lo- 
cated on Main, street, and near by on cross streets, 
between Ninth and Fourteenth. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 65 

Newspapers and Periodicals. 

Dispatch, daily, semi-weekly and^veekly; pub- 
lished by the Dispatch Company. President, Jas. 
A. Cowardin ; Secretary and Treasurer, Henry K. 
Ellyson. Northwest corner Main and Twelfth sts. 

Whig, daily, semi- weekly and weekly, ioo Gov- 
ernor street. 

The State, daily (evening), semi- weekly and week- 
ly; Chamberlayne & Beirne. Corner Ninth and 
Main streets. 

Richmond Standard, weekly, literary ; G. Wat- 
son James, editor and proprietor ; R. A. Brock, 
editor of historical department. Over The State 
office. 

Guide and News, 1206 Main street. 

Virginia Staats Gazette, German daily ; John H. 
Pein. Corner Ninth and Broad streets. 

Anzeiger, German daily; B. Hassel. 17 Gov- 
ernor street. 

Southern Planter and Farmer, monthly ; 1 1 1 5, 
east Main street. 

Educational Journal, monthly; W. F. Fox. No. 
5 south Twelfth street. 

Southern Clinic, medical monthly ; Drs. Bryce & 
Wheat. 506 north Second. 

Every Saturday Commercial Advertiser, weekly;, 
H. S. Ackerly, editor and proprietor. 1307 Frank- 
lin street. 

g 



66 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

The Industrial South, weekly ; James McDon- 
ald and Baker P. Lee ; s. w. cor. Main and Ninth. 

Monthly Bulletin, agriculture and immigration; 
R. S. Saunders. Cor. 9th and Bank streets. 

Virginia Star, devoted to the interests of the 
colored race ; weekly. Stewart, Woolfolk & Co. ; 
R. P. Brooks, editor. No. 211 north Sixth street. 

Religious Herald, Baptist, weekly, n 15 east 
Main street. 

Central Presbyterian, weekly; Richardson & 
Southall. 1015 east Main street. 

Richmond Christian Advocate, (M. E. Church 
South); Rev. J. J. Lafferty. Corner Main and 
Ninth streets. 

Children's Friend (Presbyterian), semi-monthly; 
Whittet & Shepperson for Presbyterian Committee 
of Publication. 1001 east Main. 

Earnest Worker (Presbyterian), semi-monthly; 
Whittet & Shepperson for Presbyterian Committee 
of Publication. 1001 east Main. 

Catholic Visitor, weekly; by P. Keenan. 1206 
Main street. 

Southern Church?nan (Episcopal) ; Rev. D. F. 
Sprigg, D. D. Corner Main and Eleventh streets. 

Hotels. 

American, , proprietor; Main cor, 

of Twelfth street. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 67 

Capitol; John Hillyard ; 1204 east Franklin. 
Exchange and Ballard, Colonel J. L. Carrington; 
corner Franklin and Fourteenth streets. 

Ford's, M. L. Ford; Eleventh corner Broad. 
St. Charles; Peyton & Co., 1500 east Main. 
St. Claire, Stephen Hunter; Ninth cor. of Grace. 
St. James, J. M. Page; No. 15 north Twelfth. 

Railroad Depots, &c. 

Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac, corner 
of Eighth and Byrd and Broad and Eighth streets, 
and at head of Broad street. 

Richmond and Danville, foot of Virginia street. 

Richmond and York River, Cary bet. Twenty- 
fourth and Twenty -fifth streets. 

Richmond and Petersburg, cor. of Eighth and 
Byrd streets. 

Chesapeake and Ohio, cor. of Broad and Seven- 
teenth streets. Offices corner Ninth and Main. 

James River Steamboat Company, foot of Ash 
street, Rocketts. 

Powhatan Steamboat Line for Baltimore, Twenty- 
second and Dock streets. 

Philadelphia Steamship Line, near foot of Ash 
street, Rocketts. 

Old Dominion Steamship Line for New York, 
Dock, below Twenty-eighth street, Rocketts. 



68 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 

Manchester. 

The town of Manchester, originally designated 
" Rocky Ridge," is directly opposite Richmond, on 
James river, in Chesterfield county, and in full view 
of this city. From Libby Hill or from Gamble's 
Hill, the town and adjacent country spread out be- 
fore the eye in panoramic grandeur. It can be 
reached by way of Mayo's Bridge, southern end of 
Fourteenth street, or by the Free Bridge, at end of 
Ninth street. At one period of its history it was 
a formidable commercial rival of Richmond, and 
perhaps would have been successful but for the 
short-sightedness of one of its leading merchants, 
through whose influence the terminus of the James 
River and Kanawha Canal was diverted from there 
to Richmond, under the apprehension that it would 
attract other merchants ! The original intention 
was to terminate the canal at Manchester. It is 
now, nevertheless, a prosperous town, containing 
cotton, paper and flour mills, and numerous esta- 
blishments for the manufacture of tobacco, brooms, 
woodenware, bricks, sumac, machinery, &c, with a 
population of 6,500. Many persons employed in 
Richmond reside in Manchester. The town, in its 
corporate capacity, owns half the water power of 
the river. The best general view of Richmond 
can be had from the fields and heights in and 
around the town. 



RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, 69 

How to Reach Yorktown. 

In view of the historic importance of Yorktown 
and the approaching centennial celebration of the 
great event which gave it national and world-wide 
fame, the routes from Richmond thereto are here 
pointed out. One is by way of the Chesapeake 
and Ohio railroad, which passes through Williams- 
burg, the ancient capital of the Old Dominion and 
its oldest incorporated town, where traces of the 
old capitol are still visible, and where the antiquary 
will find much to interest him. Another, is the 
Richmond, York River and Chesapeake railroad to 
West Point — a town at the confluence of the Mat- 
taponi and Pamunkey rivers, which together form 
the majestic York — thence by steamboat. The 
distance by the former line is 61 miles, and by the 
latter about 64. 

Yorktown is in York county, on York river, 1 1 
miles from its mouth. It was established by law 
in 1705, and was once a flourishing village. There 
are now but a few houses remaining. The water 
scenery a short distance below is fine. The river, 
full a mile wide, is seen stretching far away until it 
merges into Chesapeake Bay — an object of beauty 
when rolling in the morning light, its ripples spark- 
ling in the sun, or when its broad bosom is tinged 
with the cloud-reflected hues of an autumnal sun- 
set 



INDEX 



Almshouse 25 

Asylums, 61, 62 

Bell House 16 

Brewery 25 

Bridges 38 

Bloody Run Spring 48 

Bacon's Quarter Branch. . 48 

Bell Telephone 44 

Capitol 11,12,13,14 

Churches 56 

Clay, Statue of 15 

County Courthouse 29 

Corn and Flour Exchange 33 
Chamber of Commerce. . . 33 

City Gas Works 47 

City Jail 3* 

County Jail 34 

Cemeteries 35, 36, 37, 38 

Clubs 42 

Convenient Route thro'gh 

the city 53 

Central Lunatic Asylum. . 42 

C. & O. R. R. Tunnel 26 

Davis Mansion 16 

Early History 4 

Fair Grounds 32 

Floods 41 

Fire Department 44 

Governor's House 15 

Heudon's Statue of Wash- 
ington 11 

Hospitals 34 

Hotels 66 

Jackson, Statue of 15 

Lee's Residence 21 

Libraries 40 

Legal charges for Hacks.. 55 
Marshall, Judge, Resi- 
dence of 48 

Manufactures 5 

Military Prisons 17 

Monumental Church 23 

Medical College of Va 23 

Masons' Hall 30 

Mozart Hall 32 

Mills, Gallego 2S 

" Haxall-Crenshaw.. 27 



Military Organizations ... 45 

Manchester 67 

Negro Jails 24 

Nail Works, Old Domin'n 28 

Newspapers, Periodicals. 65 

Powhatan 29 

Population. 11 

Public Parks 19 

Postoffice, Custom House. 22 

Penitentiary 32 

Poe, Scene of his Youth . . 47 
Places of Interest Around 

theCity 52 

Pump Works 41 

Police Force 44 

Powder Magazines 45 

Public Buildings 62 

Railway,City 56 

Richmond 3 

Richmond Stock Exch'ge. 33 

Roads and Battlefields .... 49 

Railroad Workshops 46 

Reservoirs 40 

Railroad Depots 67 

Retreat for the Sick 24 

Religious Statistics 61 

St. Paul's Church 21 

St. John's Church 26 

State Courthouse 26 

Spotswood Hotel, the late 4fi 

Stone House, the old 24 

Stone Cannon Balls 29 

St. Alban's Hall 31 

Schools and Colleges 38 

Tredegar Iron Works 28 

Tobacco Exchange 33 

Theatre, Richmond 25 

Telegraph Office 64 

Union Hotel 30 

Valentine's Studio 49 

Virginia Armory 43 

Vehicles, Number of 22 

Washington Monument... 14 
Water Power and Water 

Works 10 

Yorktown, How to Reach 69 



CHAS. W. PURCELL, 
STOCK BROKER, 



RICHMOND, VA. 

o 



Dealer in Stocks, Bonds and all Solvent 
Securities. 

o 

Tax-Receivable Coupons of the State Bought and 
Sold. 



Orders for Stocks, Bonds or Tax-Receivable Cou- 
pons promptly attended to. 



SUBSCRIBE FOR THE 

SOUTHERN CIIlCHil, 

THE LEADING PAPER 

Of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the South. 



It circulates in nearly every State and Territory 
in the United States, and as an advertising medium 
is unsurpassed. 

$3 a Year in Advance. 

Office : No. 4 Eleventh Street, Richmond, Va. 



& 



BICHH3HII 



Stock Brokers. 



SOUTHERN SECURITIES A SPECIALTY. 



W. H. Palmer, President. 

B. C. Wherry, Jr., Secretary. 

O. F. Weisiger, Jr., Ass't Sec'y. 



FIRE ANE^ MARINE. 

Virginia Home 

Insurance Company, 

richmond, va. 

Office in Company's Building, 

No. 1014 Main Street. 



Wm. G. Taylor, President. 

John C. Williams, Cashier. 



Bank of Commerce, 

No. 1 1 ii Main St., 



RICHMOND, VA. 



Deposits received ; Collections made ; Bonds and 
Stocks bought and sold. 

As Agents for Drexel & Co., draw highest-class 
Drafts on EUROPE. 



Davenport & Morris, 

BICHHQHil, VA., 

Wholesale Dealers in 
SALT, SUGARS, 

COFFEE, TEA, 

SYRUP, MOLASSES, 

BACON, FLOUR, 

FISH, POWDER, 
ALE AND PORTER, 

SODA, STARCH, 

SOAP, CANDLES, 
TOBACCO, 
And all leading articles of the Grocery Trade. 
Particular attention given to the filling of orders. 



MERCHANTS ITIOil UK, 

Of Richmond, Va. 

Capital, $200,000. Surplus and undivided profits, 
$50,000. 



li^Receives deposits, makes collections on all 

accessible points, and does a General 

Banking Business. 

J. P. Branch, Pres't. F. R. Scott, V. Pres't. 

Jno. F. Glenn, Cash'r. Jno. Morton, Ass't Cash. 

Thos. Branch & Co., 

BAN KE RS 



-AND- 



Commission Merchants, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



Stocks and Bonds sold on Commission. Invest- 
ment Securities a Specialty. 
Consignments of GRAIN solicited and Prompt 
Returns made. 



St. Claire Hotel 

■r 

COR, NINTH AND GRACE STS., 



STEPHEN HUNTER, Proprietor. 



Unsurpassed in location, being in front of 
the Capitol Grounds, in full view of the Capitol 
and Washington Monument. Street cars pass the 
Hotel. Convenient to public and business places. 



i§ 



DENTIST, 
3STo. 723 Main Street, 

Richmond, Va. 

J. S. Hartman, d. d. s., l 

n >■ Assistants. 

Chas. L. Steel, D. D. S.. i 



»:s. J. WHITE 




upuejj 60QI- 



WAGNER'S PHOSPHATIC EMULSION of 
COD LIVER OIL, as pleasant as milk punch. A 
perfectly reliable and efficient preparation of Cod 
Liver Oil. Digestible, nutritious, strengthening and 
invigorating. Can be taken by the most delicate 
person. 

WAGNER'S IMPROVED WORM CONFEC- 
TIONS, a safe and sure remedy for Worms. As 
pleasant as candy. Act like a charm. 

DR. FAITHFUL'S CHILL REMEDY, an in- 
fallible cure and preventive for Fever and Ague, 
Dumb Ague, &c. It has never failed. 

The PETROLINE Hair Producer, a pure and 
(by an improved process) now entirely deodorized 
Extract of the natural Petroleum. It prevents the 
Hair from falling out or decaying in any way, cleans 
the scalp, and will cover your bald places with a 
fine suit of Hair. This is Nature's Remedy. 

The purest brand of NORWEGIAN COD LIV- 
ER OIL in existence. Entirely free from Stearine 
or other objectionable ingredients. Always sweet 
and fresh in taste, easily taken and retained, and is 
without odor. 

THE RELIEF OINTMENT, for Piles and 
Hemorrhoids, affords quick relief, and if applied 
at once and according to directions will make a 
perfect cure. 

THE CARMELITE LINIMENT, a superior 
remedy for all Neuralgic or Rheumatic Pains. 

l. w^aisrEH, 

Wholesale and Retail Druggist and Pharmacist, 
529 Broad St., cor. 6th, Richmond, Va. 



GEORGE 8. COOK 

(Successor to D. H. Anderson,) 



Photographs. 

Photographs unsurpassed in Artistic Effect. All 
the Negatives Retained in this Gallery. Over 20,- 
000 Most Prominent People of this City and State.. 

JS®- We also make the Finest STEREOSCO- 
PIC VIEWS of Richmond and Vicinity. 

913 Main Street, Richmond, Va. 



BOOK AND JOS 

PRINTER, 

1307 Franklin Street, 





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BOOKS! 



I1W AMD 0L9. 



j. w. lunDifi & mm 

1302 and 1304 Main Street, 
iRiaiKZMioiisriD, -vj^., 

Offer for sale the LARGEST Assortment of 

Law and Miscellaneous Books 

(New and Old) in the Southern States. 

JR^Special attention given to RARE WORKS 
and CONFEDERATE PUBLICATIONS. 

Jg^OLD BOOKS bought or taken in exchange. 

Paper Boxes and Blank Books 

MADE TO ORDER. 



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BOOKS! 



J. W. RANDOLPH & BUSH, 

1302 and 1304 Main Street, 

Offer for sale the LARGEST Assortment of 

Law and Miscellaneous Books 

(New and Old) in the Southern States. 






JB^Special attention given to RARE WORKS 
and CONFEDERATE PUBLICATIONS. 

Jgf^OLD BOOKS bought or taken in exchange 

Paper Boxes and Blank Books 

MADE TO ORDER. 



Map of Virginia and West Vi 




46 47 



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■■■" ' ■"■ ' ■' <■■ 



N*10 



JOHMDPQ), TA 3 

A GUIDE 




TO AND 



5c$mptiott of its principal %kttjt W 
(ObuHts of %rittti&. 

By Daniel Murphy. 



J. W. RANDOLPH & ENGLISH: 

Nos. 1302 and l:i()4 Main Street. Richmond, Virginia. 

18 8 1. 



& 



a a z %* n -0 .&> t> 9 

NOW IN OPERATION BETWEEN 

J.GHM0ND, LYNCHBUBG, 

LEXINGTON and WILLIAMSON'S, 

Traverses the beautiful and picturesque Valley of 
the James River, with its magnificent Mountains 
and River Scenery — with its thousands of acres of 
bottom lands, not excelled on the continent for 
their fertility. Its high lands are adapted to the 
growth of all the cereals. The entire Valley 
abounds in all th e resources creating wealth and 
preserving ^SBl- healtri. 

THE NATUBAL BEIDGE InD ITS PAEK. 

The greatest curiosity of America, where Nature 
has formed a bridge of rock 2 1 5 feet above the 
stream which it crosses. 

The Park, with its crags, ravines, forest and 
fields, surrounding the Natural Bridge, is pronounc- 
ed by Foresters to be the grandest in the world. 

Improvements are now being made which, when 

completed, will make this the popular resort for the 

Tourist, Sportsman and Invalid, rivalling the fa- 

ous White Sulphur in situation, salubrious and 

'qjorating air and agreeable temperature. 

e Richmond and Alleghany Railroad is the 
ne running to the Natural Bridge and its 
1 to Dagger's Springs. 

AXTEI.fi, B. s. is titisoine, 

' Manager, Gen. Fr. & Tic. Agt, 

RICHMOND, VA. 

by Daniel Mm->hy. 



NEW PASSENGER ROUTE ! 



-o- 



llClli Iff ALLEGBIY 

BAHBOAD 

BETWEEN THE 

SORTH, SOUTH, 

EAST I WEST, 

THROUGH THE 

EAUTIFUL JAMES RIVER VALLEY! 

WITH ITS CONNECTIONS 
.RICHMOND, close connections with all Rail and Steam 
Lines, for Northern, Eastern and Southern Cities. 
LYNCHBURG, with Virginia Midland Railway and Nor- 
folk and Western Railway for all Points South and South- 
west. 

LKMNGTON, with Baltimore & Ohio and Shenandoah 
Valley Railroads, (under construction,) for all Points 
North and Northwest. 

WILLIAMSON'S with Chesapeake & Ohio Railway to all 
Points in the West, Northwest and Southwest. 
t^Only Line between Richmond and Lynchburg- without 
ange of Cars. 

BEfT EQUIPPED ROAD IN THE SOUTH. 
RST-CLASS ROAD-BED, STEEL RAILS, NEW AND ELE- 
1ANT COACHES, SUPPLIED WITH WESTINGHOUSE 
AUTOMATIC ATR- BRAKE, MILLER'S PATENT 
PLATFORM AND COUPLING, AND ALL MOD- 
ERN APPLIANCES FOR SPEED, COMFORT 
AND SAFETY, 
'ourists will find this the only route to the famous NATU- 
.L BRIDGE AND DAGGER'S SPRINGS and the shortest, 
3 to other Celebrated Watering Places and Mountain Re- 
ts in Virginia and Southwest Virginia, on Norfolk & West- 
and Chesapeake & Ohio Railways. 

he scenery in the Valley of the James River, traversed 
the Richmond & Alleghany Railroad, is not surpassed by 
in Europe or America. 

irough Tickets on sale at lowest rates. Baggage checked 
i »estination. 
"ATIJR AXTEL.I,, B. S. BARBOUR, 

Gen. Manager, Gen. Fr. & Tic. Agt, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



A * * A * 



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RICHMOND, FSEBERICKSBURE 

AND POTOMAC RAILROAD. 

FAST MAIL PASSENGER ROUTE 

—BETWEEN— 

North f South 

l@r Close Connection at RICHMOND, VA. f 
THE ASSOCIATED. RAILWAYS 

OF 

VIRGINIA AND THE CAROI.IXAS; 

At WASHINGTON with the 

TRUNK LINEe 

FOR THE 

East and West 



Unrivaled Equipment, Unexcelled Speed 

Sleeping-Car Service Unsurpassed. 

Tick3ts on Sale VIA THIS ROUTE at all prim 
Ticket Offices in the 
NORTH, SOUTH, EAST AND WEST. 

E. T. D. MYERS, I T. S AR.MISTEAD. I C. A. TA'Vi 
telLiSupti'. I Trav. Pass. Agt. | den. I 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 







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